Murthy’s Gravity Well Models for Galaxies

Murthy’s Gravity Well Models for Galaxies

KRS Sri Murthy

Galaxies we know are all discs in shape, with variations to like spiral galaxies, nebula of galaxies and nurseries of stars and galaxies. The different disc galaxies vary in size, the over all radii or diameters, the core part of the galaxy with densely populated stars, the fringe areas of galaxies with sparsely populated stars, the tear away parts in the outer most fringes of stars trying to escape the grip of the galaxy, and in some galaxies the galaxy trying to pull stars wandering in the fringes into its grip.

As we know, all the galaxies have very powerful black holes in their centers, which rotate around an axis, which axis would also become the axis of the galaxy, with the black hole also rotating the disc of the galaxy.

In the case of stars which are spherical, the gravity well may have different well shapes from a very sharp cone to a wider cone with a relatively rounded bottom and also sometimes wider well bottom, as opposed to sharp cone with a point in the bottom. Being symmetrical for spherical shaped objects like stars and even planets, the well will yield similar gravitational force profile for all objects approaching the star or planet or other gravitationally powerful objects from any direction.

As all objects in our universe, small, big and very large, and with all masses and mass densities, are all moving, and not still at all, both objects attracting and being attracted create a valley of their own with the moving gravity well. The gravity wells create the valleys which merge with the others. The valley of object with lower mass and mass density will ultimately join the deeper valley of the dominant object, thus becoming a single combined gravity well and in motion a single gravity valley.

The speed, direction of motion, linear momentum, angular momentum, spin and the direction of the spin play important parts in the gravity well and gravity valley interactions and interplay between two objects. In rare cases of three or more objects interacting and influencing with each other, multiple wells, and their respective valleys consecutively, and in result cumulatively, merge with each other finally resulting in one gravity well and the respective gravity valley. In cases of two or more objects with very high linear momentum and angular momentum counter acting with each other, the two or more objects may simply pass each other, never to merge, never their gravity wells and gravity valleys merging with each other. The only influence of the objects on each other is to change the course of the other object, in result both changing their course.

The shapes of the gravity well and gravity valley of disc shaped objects are different compared to spherical objects. The disc shaped objects like the galaxies will not have a symmetrical gravity well with symmetry in all three dimensions of space, but symmetrical in only two space dimensions and relatively flatter well shape, oblong elliptic well, or a well with high eccentricity in one dimension of space. The result of this eccentric gravity well shape is for different type of interactions for stars or other celestial objects approaching the galaxy in different directions. Stars and other objects approaching the disc shaped galaxies from the direction of the disc plane experiences the longer side of the eccentric gravity well. However, any star or other object approaching the disc shaped galaxy not from the side of the disc but perpendicular direction will experience a different profile of the gravitational force, one that is a result of the flatter side of the gravity well and gravity valley.

Let us consider two of the disc shaped galaxies colliding with each other. Both galaxies may approach each other in any of the direction of the 3D sphere. Assuming equal chances of the approach of the two galaxies in all direction of the 3D space, the chances that the two of the disc galaxies approach exactly along the long direction is very low. Therefore, the two oblong gravity wells may “cut each other”. Depending on the direction, speed, linear momentum, any potential angular momentum, spin and the direction of the spin, there are few possibilities. The disc shaped galaxies may cut each other pass across each other thus becoming modified in shape, sharing some of their stars with each other, an exchange or “trading” of their stars with the other galaxy. The details depend on the motion and approach characteristics of the disc galaxies. The shape of the two oblong gravity wells will mutually influence, thus both modified galaxies becoming disc galaxies of different content details than before their mutual impact.

We know that all galaxies have super massive black holes in their center. The super massive black holes hold billions of stars in their grip. The overall gravitational force of the galaxy is the combined gravitational force of the black hole at the center and also of the billions of stars. The gravity well profile of the galaxy is an oblong well shape as seen from objects approaching the galaxy from the disc side. Objects of the size of stars, small and big, would be absorbed in the outer ring, never to be able to see the gravity profile part of the gravity well at the inner rings of stars orbiting the center of the galaxy. 

Even the stars in the galaxy in different rings of stars orbiting the galaxy center will only experience different gravity profiles based on their local ring, their distance from the center and the number of ring of orbiting stars interior to them. Based on our current observations and understanding, the different rings of stars around the galaxy rotate at the same angular momentum, starting from the closest ring of stars to the center of the galaxy and the farthest ring of stars. Therefore, the gravity well subtended by the disc shaped galaxy, being elliptical and oblong, will be flat moving from the oblong end towards the center. This is because the stars in the different groups in rings orbiting the center of the galaxy seem to orbit in unison, or as a whole group, with no drift from the edge to the center.