Human Scale versus Universal Scale

Human Scale versus Universal Scale

KRS Murthy

The human scale has been, for most of the history, the scale of objects on the earth, the sky, the waters, and the heavens that could be seen with the naked eye and experienced by our five senses. Scientists have discovered and delved into scales slightly beyond this scale experienced and understood by the common man. In the recent decades with the telescopes, beyond the scale visible to the human eye, astronomers and aerospace scientists have exploited the full electromagnetic spectrum from radio waves to gamma rays to see farther into the universe, deeper into the sky and also back in time few light years. Nanotechnologists and quantum physicists have uncovered the secrets of the space-time realms that are not apparent to the commoner, to appreciate the wonders down to subatomic scale.

Humans with ten fingers probably based their arithmetic number systems to base ten, that we call as “decimal number system”, that has been the foundation of all our knowledge, measurement and comprehension. For scales that are larger and for parameters that grow and behave exponentially, the logarithmic system of representation has been developed. However, the universal scale is too large to be represented the same way from the smallest in elementary particles to the size of the universe reaching out to the Hubble horizon.

Planck scale is used at the lower limit realm of elementary particle scale, defined and limited by the speed of light. Planck length is at 10 to the power of minus 35 meters, whereas the Planck time is at the 10 to the power of minus 43 seconds. The Planck scale limit is imposed by and defined by the speed of light of 300,000 kilometers per second or 300,000,000 meters per second or 3 X 10 to the power of 8 meters per second. To travel the distance of Planck length of 10 to the power of minus 35 it takes 10 to the power of minus 43 seconds. All these numbers have many zeroes before the decimal point on the universal scale, and after the decimal point for elementary particle and Planck scale.

Using the logarithmic scale of representation to base ten is not enough, as the full range from the smallest to the largest in the universe requires almost 100 zeroes. Even when we jump from a base of 10 to a base of 1000, the number of digits requires more the 35 zeroes. I suggest that we use a base of one million or a billion to reduce the number of zeroes to 16 or 8 respectively. I know that humans were not born with one thousand fingers or one million fingers! We could deal with fewer numbers of zeroes by moving to a base of one million or one billion.

Before and Just After the Big Bang

Before and Just After the Big Bang

KRS Murthy

Current Understanding of Science of Big Bang & the Universe

We all know about the big bang, that it was a singularity; singular singularity may also be used to qualify this unique and one-time event. Current understanding is that there was nothing, yes absolutely nothing, before the big bang; not even space and time, combined called as space-time fabric. Owing to the limitations of Plank time, 10 to the power of minus 45 seconds, the time required for the light to travel the distance of Plank length, which is 10 to the power of minus 35 meters, whatever happened after the singular big bang, nothing is observable for the duration of the first Planck time, the physical time and space limitation imposed by Plank constants. 

Further, space-time fabric became available for observation after the first Planck space and time scale limit, at least in theory. As space-time fabric didn't exist before the big bang, everything was born after the big bang.

We have all heard of dark matter and dark energy. Dark matter in our universe is six times that of Baryonic matter, the regular visible/observable matter. Dark energy is 75% of all matter and energy combined. The approximate tally is 75% dark energy, 20 percent dark matter and 5% observable matter and energy combined. Both dark matter and dark energy are not observable, and thus are qualified with the adjective "dark".

Murthy's Postulations as Possibilities

My postulates are possibilities for what happened before and after the big bang. I postulate that before the big bang, space and time existed with only dark matter and dark energy existing in the space-time fabric. However, any hypothetical observer could have not observed the dark matter and dark energy. 

The big bang was actually the birth of what we call as Baryonic matter, electromagnetic wave energy, and also photons. I differentiate photon as particles of light, versus the electromagnetic light wave. The photons could not escape the superdense Baryonic matter just after the big bang. The mean free path of the photons was at Planck scale just after the big bang. Once this mean free path got relaxed with the Baryonic matter spreading away from each other, the photons escaped becoming light waves with the electromagnetic wave property. 

The dark matter with its immense gravity pull on the Baryonic matter made the expansion happen, which is called "inflation". The dark matter also helped to scaffold and create structures out of the Baryonic matter, which in due course formed the different celestial objects at stellar and galactic scale.

The dark energy pushed the space between the celestial objects by creating space in between the celestial objects. This pushing and spreading of the space between the celestial objects are still happening at an accelerated pace, resulting in a runaway towards and past the Hubble horizon. 

Before the humans came into being on the earth, able to perform cosmic activity observations, many celestial may have run away and escaped into the Hubble horizon. 

You may consider reading my blog about the runaway effect that I postulate to be a gravity well effect.

Murthy's Postulate on the Galactic Runaway in terms of "Gravity Well Effect"

Murthy's Postulate on the Galactic Runaway 

in terms of "Gravity Well Effect"

Based on cosmological observations of the celestial objects of galactic and supergalactic scale, and the redshift of the light from these objects, these objects are running away, and also running away at an accelerated pace, as observed from the earth. Our earth, our solar system, our galaxy MilkyWay, with few our neighboring galaxies at the center, all other galactic clusters in all directions are moving away, leaving us in the center. There are few explanations for this runaway. I will list below the explanations now in vogue in the cosmological scholarly circles, with my own postulations, along with my logic for my postulations below:

Dark Energy Theory: 

This galactic runaway is due to dark energy. We can't observe or measure this dark energy, thus the moniker "dark energy". The dark matter which seems to exert powerful gravitational forces on the galactic and supergalactic scale has not been observed other than by its gravitational effects, even though the dark matter is estimated to be 5 times more than the Baryonic matter we are familiar with through experimental observations.  Similarly, the dark energy is estimated to be 75 % of all matter and energy in the universe, the universe inside the Hubble horizon. Many postulations for dark matter and dark energy have not been verified by experimental observations.

Murthy's Postulates on Runaway Galaxies: 

My postulations for the dark energy are radically different from those in vogue. Let me first use the premise of the "gravity well" and "gravity valley" already postulated by me applicable for all space-time realms above the quantum realm. The applicable space-time realms for my gravity well and gravity valley include micro, macro, planetary, stellar, galactic, also for the super cluster of galaxies, and universal scales. 

I postulate that our local galactic neighbors and our galaxy Milky Way, which includes all the stars, other celestial objects, and our solar system with the associated planets, moons and the asteroid belt, are all in the process of falling into a gravity well. Any single or a group of objects in the process of falling into a gravity well will perceive all objects not included in this fall as running away from this falling object or group of objects. 

Instead of the present explanation that the other galactic clusters and groups running away due to dark energy exerting force to create space-time fabric between those running away compared to those at the center witnessing the runaway, my postulation is an antithesis. 

When an object or a group of objects fall into a gravity well, the fall accelerates with the fall velocity increasing in time. In fact, that is what is observed now which the current explanations in vogue call runaway. When an object or a group of objects fall into a gravity well and are at the horizon of the gravity wells influence when at the same time the rest of the objects or a group of objects in all directions are not part of the wall, the perceived result is the falling objects relatively other objects in all directions not participating in fall and running away. This is because an observer moving away from the rest perceives as if the rest of the objects are moving away.  

When the moving object is under the influence of a gravity well, the acceleration of the distance from the rest not participating in the gravity well fall or space-time fabric separation, also perceived as space-time expansion, is exactly that observed now called "the runaway".