Murthy's Postulates in
Quantum Paradigm in Physics of Nature
KRS MurthyI will present one of the effects of the quantum paradigm in nature, as explained in physics, called as quantum physics. I am taking the example of an electron orbiting around the nucleus. According to quantum physics, characterization of the electron's position, momentum and spin could only be in terms of a probability wave function, which is only a probability distribution, expressed as a wave function, also meaning the electron behaves like a wave while orbiting around the nucleus. A single number can't be expressed for any of the physical parameters: position, momentum, and spin. In addition, owing to Heisenberg;'s uncertainty principle, two parameters of the electrons can't be simultaneously and precisely measured. When an attempt is made to measure one of the parameters, this process affects or influences the other parameters, resulting in uncertainty or lack of measurement precision, in the other parameter. This is as if there is some kind of entanglement between the physical parameters of the same electron, which work in mutual correlation in tandem. In other words, the physical parameters are different aspects of a non-orthogonal physical property pairs of the electron in the orbital motion of the electron around the nucleus.
KRS Murthy's Postulates
My postulates are no only about the entangled physical properties of the electron in the nucleus in its orbit, but also of other electrons that may be orbiting the same nucleus, and to some extent entangled influence of the electrons with the nucleus and the nucleons in the nucleus. The extent and the ways of the influence of the electrons between each other and also with the resultant combined influence on the nucleus, alone or together in the same orbit or the other orbits could vary depending on various other physical properties, at the quantum level and also at the nano, micro and macro levels. Examples of the physical parameters at the macro level that influence the extent of entanglement include temperature and pressure, and the state of the matter to include solid, liquid, gas, plasma, bose-einstein condensate, for example.
The nucleus, and the atom as a whole display the following example properties:
- Vibration: In the lattice of a solid, for example:
- Rotation: In a molecule
- Molecular Bonds
- Sharing of electrons between two or more atoms in a molecule
- Brownian and streamlined motion of atoms and molecules in gasses and liquids
- Effect of other external influences like temperature, pressure, and sound on the macro and micro level bulk
- Nano realm physical properties
Entanglement influences and effects between electron, neutron, proton and other elementary particles are different and to different extents on the subatomic levels, versus the environment at larger continuous realms like nano, micro, and macro.
I will present some examples below to illustrate my postulates:
- When an electron jumps from one orbit to another orbit, absorbing or emitting a photon, not only does it create a "quantum entangled recoil" in other electrons in the orbit, but also in the nucleus.
- In the photoelectric effect, when light impinges on a material, releasing an electron from the atom, creating a hole, not only does it create a "quantum entangled recoil" in the atom, further adding to phonon vibration of the whole lattice, the atoms and their electrons all vibrate sympathetically, increasing the temperature at bulk level.
- In general, any disturbance at the subatomic realm to the electrons or the nucleus by external energy absorption or release, effects, and influences could create an imbalance in the quantum nature at the subatomic level, which is also an imbalance in the mutual entanglement of different physical properties.
- Quantum entanglement at the subatomic level results in uncertainty in the measurement of different physical parameters in the quantum realm. Any measurement that requires the use of any kind of electromagnetic energy or sound influences in uncertain. The very act is an involvement and an influence on the very nature of the quantum realm being observed.
- Even though such influences exist in realms beyond the quantum and subatomic levels, the influence extent is seen benign, whereas the influences are dominantly observable.
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