Murthy's Big Bang Models with different Assumptions
Assumptions
1. Our universe began with a big bang.
2. We do not know what existed before the big bang.
3. Both 3D space and time started with the big bang.
4. Planck’s limit for time and space applies, so that we do not know and will never be able to know anything before 10 to the power of minus 43 seconds and within a space of big bang expansion less than 10 to the power of minus 35 meters; all of these limits are due to the speed limit of light of 300 kilometers per second.
2. We do not know what existed before the big bang.
3. Both 3D space and time started with the big bang.
4. Planck’s limit for time and space applies, so that we do not know and will never be able to know anything before 10 to the power of minus 43 seconds and within a space of big bang expansion less than 10 to the power of minus 35 meters; all of these limits are due to the speed limit of light of 300 kilometers per second.
At the moment of the Big Bang
As soon as the big bang event, and above the Planck’s limit, the primordial elementary particles and including the light photons, were in a thick soup, the utmost thickness of the primordial soup limiting even the light photons from escaping out and away from the soup. The light photons were not light waves, but only particles. It required the 3D space to expand to a critical size, and the photons to not be limited by the mean free path of its collision with other photons and other primordial particles tightly embedded in the primordial soup.
What were the primordial elementary particles?
Following options will be discussed:
Quarks:
1. Protons or neutrons were not created at the big bang.
2. Only quarks were created at the big bang.
3. The neutrons were assembled out of the quarks.
4. Neutrons were created first which decayed to produce the protons and electrons.
5. Even the electrons were not created at the big bang.
6. Electrons were created as by-products when neutrons decayed to protons.
7. As neutrons do not have any charge, the decay of the neutrons was also the time of creation of the positive charge of the protons and the complementary negative charge of the electrons.
8. At the very moment of the big bang, the primordial universe did not have any charge.
9. Role and Importance of the Creation of the Electric Charges in the Universe:
2. Only quarks were created at the big bang.
3. The neutrons were assembled out of the quarks.
4. Neutrons were created first which decayed to produce the protons and electrons.
5. Even the electrons were not created at the big bang.
6. Electrons were created as by-products when neutrons decayed to protons.
7. As neutrons do not have any charge, the decay of the neutrons was also the time of creation of the positive charge of the protons and the complementary negative charge of the electrons.
8. At the very moment of the big bang, the primordial universe did not have any charge.
9. Role and Importance of the Creation of the Electric Charges in the Universe:
As I will explain later in this document and have many times mentioned in my various writings, the charge is vital to the character of our universe; both positive and negative charges “run our universe”, also vital to the interaction of the photons and the wave version of the light. Electricity and magnetism are a result of the positive and negative charges, as is also critical to the electromagnetic waves, the electric and magnetic fields working in tandem when light and other electromagnetic waves travel. In other words, the decay of neutrons in the dawn of the big bang universe creates the “heartbeat” of the universe which are the electromagnetic waves, an interplay between the electric and magnetic fields, many time released by the electrons when the electrons jump from one energy state to a lower energy state. The electron is both the absorber and releaser of electromagnetic waves, including the energy from light wave, to be released back in the form of electromagnetic waves in one step as the elastic interaction or two steps in the elastic interaction.
10. The big bang energy was so enormous that the weak gravitational attractive forces between the primordial particles were not able to hold each other. With the absence of any charge in the primordial particle soup of quarks and the neutrons that were formed by the combining of the quarks, the expansion of the primordial space and the particles contents happened, thus creating space between the particles, opportunity for the photons to escape to form the electromagnetic waves.
11. When the decay of neutrons gave rise to protons and electrons, thus positive and negative charges, the universe was ready for the formation of the first atoms, those of hydrogen atom; the universe was poised for the hydrogen cloud. Over time with the accelerated expansion of the space in the universe, with the simultaneous increase in the mean free path of the particles in the universe, all or most of the neutrons decayed to form a large number of hydrogen atoms, free to roam around in the form of hydrogen cloud.
12. I have explained in my articles on stellar evolution the different sequential phases from the electronic clouds, nucleation phase, protostar phase, star formation, creation or concoction of helium and other elements
10. The big bang energy was so enormous that the weak gravitational attractive forces between the primordial particles were not able to hold each other. With the absence of any charge in the primordial particle soup of quarks and the neutrons that were formed by the combining of the quarks, the expansion of the primordial space and the particles contents happened, thus creating space between the particles, opportunity for the photons to escape to form the electromagnetic waves.
11. When the decay of neutrons gave rise to protons and electrons, thus positive and negative charges, the universe was ready for the formation of the first atoms, those of hydrogen atom; the universe was poised for the hydrogen cloud. Over time with the accelerated expansion of the space in the universe, with the simultaneous increase in the mean free path of the particles in the universe, all or most of the neutrons decayed to form a large number of hydrogen atoms, free to roam around in the form of hydrogen cloud.
12. I have explained in my articles on stellar evolution the different sequential phases from the electronic clouds, nucleation phase, protostar phase, star formation, creation or concoction of helium and other elements
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